Research Repository
This collection brings together work based on the Millennium Institute's models: the iSD model and its predecessor, Threshold 21 (T21). It includes reports and papers by the Millennium Institute and its partners, as well as research by universities, institutions and independent researchers who have applied these models in their own work.
The collection spans three decades of work, from the first T21 applications in the 1990s to current analyses of the Sustainable Development Goals, climate policy and green transitions in more than 40 countries. Use the filters to browse by type, country or region, focus area and year.
Report
Dialing Back: Overcoming the Threat Multipliers of Climate Change and Variability – Zambia National Human Development Report 2025
UNDP's 2025 Zambia Human Development Report uses the Millennium Institute's iSD model to show how climate action can offset the threat multipliers of climate change and accelerate human development.
2025
Zambia
Climate Change, Sustainable Development
Report
Earth4All: Austria – Five Turnarounds towards Wellbeing for All within Planetary Boundaries
Applying Earth4All to Austria with the iSDG model, this report shows that implementing five turnarounds together can cut poverty and inequality and keep Austria within planetary boundaries by 2050.
2024
Austria
Sustainable Development, Economy, Poverty & Inequality
Thesis
Can Degrowth Deliver Social Wellbeing within Ecological Limits? Dynamics and Interactions of Degrowth Policies in Sweden Using iSDG Simulation Modelling
A master's thesis using iSDG-Sweden to test whether degrowth policies can deliver wellbeing within ecological limits.
2024
Sweden
Economy, Sustainable Development, Poverty & Inequality
Journal Article
Safeguarding China’s Long-Term Sustainability Against Systemic Disruptors
China's long-term sustainability is threatened by five disruptors: pandemics, aging population, deglobalization, climate change, and biodiversity loss. These could reduce China's SDG score by up to 7 points by 2050. However, integrated policies in education, healthcare, energy transition, water efficiency, and ecological conservation can enhance resilience and improve sustainability outcomes.
2024
China
Sustainable Development, Policy Analysis
Report
Accelerating the Sustainable Development Goals in Angola
This report analyzes the impact of targeted investments on accelerating Angola's progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Using the iSDG model, the study focuses on key sectors, including health, education, agriculture, social protection, electricity, and water, to assess their role as SDG accelerators. It explores various investment scenarios aligned with Angola's national development strategies and emphasizes the importance of an Integrated National Financing Framework (INFF) to mobilize public and private resources effectively. The findings highlight both opportunities and challenges in advancing the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development in Angola.
2024
Angola
Sustainable Development, Economy, Environmental Policy
Report
Earth4All: Kenya – Five Turnarounds towards Wellbeing for All within Planetary Boundaries
Applying Earth4All to Kenya with Millennium Institute modelling, this report shows that five coordinated turnarounds could end poverty, sharply reduce inequality and put almost all SDGs within reach by 2050.
2024
Kenya
Sustainable Development, Economy, Poverty & Inequality