The framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) strives to combine targets from the social, environmental and economic dimension of development. However, a proper consideration of the interaction effects among the individual goals plays a decisive role in avoiding trade-offs among different objectives and in successfully meeting the framework. The introduction of energy and carbon taxes for achieving the SDGs as well as other national and international objectives is expected to have impacts regarding environmental, economic as well as social dimensions. By applying the System Dynamics iSDG model for Austria the effects of the introduction of energy and carbon taxes on the achievement of Sustainable Development in Austria are analysed compared to a Baseline scenario without such taxation. Therefore, the model structure is adapted and selected indicators which reflect all of the three dimensions of Sustainable Development are assessed for a simulation period until 2040. The results show a strong impact of the CO2 tax of 250 €/tCO2 shortly after the tax introduction, but in the long run the pathway resembles the one in the Baseline as delays in the model seem to prevent rapid changes to the energy system. Yet, the analysis shows that the most significant feedback mechanisms and interaction effects can be identified. In the case of energy and carbon taxes, the model structure needs to be further adapted i.a. to adequately consider interactions regarding the social dimension or long-term interactions.