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Research Repository

This collection brings together work based on the Millennium Institute's models: the iSD model and its predecessor, Threshold 21 (T21). It includes reports and papers by the Millennium Institute and its partners, as well as research by universities, institutions and independent researchers who have applied these models in their own work.​

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The collection spans three decades of work, from the first T21 applications in the 1990s to current analyses of the Sustainable Development Goals, climate policy and green transitions in more than 40 countries. Use the filters to browse by type, country or region, focus area and year.

Journal Article

Development Policy Analysis in Mali: Sustainable Growth Prospects

Using a system-dynamics-based model, this study of Mali’s second-generation poverty reduction strategy suggests growth potential but highlights the challenges in achieving government's growth and development goals under current policies.

2011

Mali

Economy, Policy Analysis

Journal Article

A Resource-Based Approach to the Modeling and Simulation of Income Distribution: The Case of Pakistan

Analyzing income distribution in Pakistan using a system dynamics model, the study suggests policies like education investment and micro-credit positively impact income equality and economic growth.

2010

Pakistan

Economy, Policy Analysis

Journal Article

Informing the US Energy Policy Debate with Threshold 21

T21-USA model reveals that continuing current energy policies increases US dependency on foreign resources, but scenarios with improved standards show potential for reduced consumption and pollution while boosting the economy.

2010

United States

Energy, Policy Analysis

Journal Article

T21-Ohio, a System Dynamics Approach to Policy Assessment for Sustainable Development: A Waste to Profit Case Study

T21-Ohio, a system dynamics tool, is used to model social, economic, and environmental impacts of waste-to-profit activities in Ohio, analyzing scenarios like biomass co-firing and recycling, showing potential for sustainable economic development.

2010

United States

Energy, Environmental Policy

Journal Article

An Integrated Assessment of Investments Towards Global Water Sustainability

This paper analyzes investment needs for global integrated water management, comparing scenarios to improve water use efficiency, suggesting sustainable water management is feasible but requires substantial investment.

2010

Global

Environmental Policy, Climate Change, Economy

Journal Article

Dynamic Analysis of Interventions Designed to Achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDG): The Case of Ghana

This paper uses system dynamics to analyze the impact of interventions on socio-economic and environmental frameworks, enhancing understanding of Millennium Development Goals planning and the synergies between different interventions.

2010

Ghana

Sustainable Development, Economy

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1995
1996.1
1997.2
1998.3
1999.4
2000.5
2001.6
2002.7
2003.8
2004.9
2006
2007.1
2008.2
2009.3
2010.4
2011.5
2012.6
2013.7
2014.8
2015.9
2017
2018.1
2019.2
2020.3
2021.4
2022.5
2023.6
2024.7
2025.8
2026
Authorship
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